Bloodhound

Ultimate Dog Wiki

The Bloodhound is a breed with a nose that can out-sniff just about anything, and a personality as big as its droopy ears. Known for their incredible scent-tracking abilities, Bloodhounds have been the detectives of the dog world for centuries. Whether they’re tracking criminals, finding missing people, or just following the scent of last night’s dinner, their skills are second to none.

Lifespawn

Approximately 10 to 12 years.

Weight

Males: 90 to 110 pounds (41 to 50 kg); Females: 80 to 100 pounds (36 to 45 kg);

Height

Males: 25 to 27 inches (64 to 69 cm); Females: 23 to 25 inches (58 to 64 cm);

Colours

Black and tan, liver and tan, or red.

Size

Large.

Breed Group

Hound Group.

Quick Facts

  • Intelligent but can be stubborn; responds best to positive reinforcement techniques.
  • Requires regular, vigorous exercise to maintain physical and mental health.
  • Prone to drooling, especially after eating or drinking.
  • Moderate grooming needs; regular ear cleaning and wrinkle care are necessary.
  • Not hypoallergenic; sheds moderately.
  • Well known for baying and howling, especially when on a scent.
  • Friendly and gentle dog; not typically used as a guard dog.
  • Generally good with other dogs; may require supervision with smaller animals due to their hunting instincts.
  • Good with children; supervision recommended due to large size and exuberance.

History and Origin

The better documented history began around 800 AD in the Saint-Hubert monastery, nestled in the Ardennes region of Belgium. The monastery, named after Saint Hubert (656–727 AD), who was known as the patron saint of hunters, became a center for dog breeding. The monks there were not only devoted to their prayers but also to developing what we now call the Bloodhound, though at the time, these dogs were known as “Saint Hubert Hounds.” These dogs were such a big deal that people say they were given as gifts to French kings, though we don’t have solid proof of that – you know how stories get passed down over time. Still, it shows just how special these dogs were considered to be back then.

So why do we call them Bloodhounds today? The term emerged during the 12th century and has nothing to do with blood. Instead, it referred to the noble practice of maintaining “blooded” lines—carefully documented pedigrees that ensured these dogs were bred from the finest stock. Think of it as a medieval family tree, but for dogs, showcasing their elite lineage.

A pivotal moment in Bloodhound history came in 1066, when William the Conqueror brought his Norman tracking dogs to England. Their scenting skills gained such admiration that English common law began accepting Bloodhound evidence in legal cases by the 13th century—a practice that remains admissible in some jurisdictions today.

During the Scottish Wars of Independence (1286–1371), these exceptional trackers earned the nickname “Sleuth Hounds” (from the Old Norse slóð, meaning trail or track). Legend has it that Robert the Bruce outsmarted pursuing Bloodhounds by crossing streams and dividing his forces. While the story is often repeated, historical evidence supporting it is sparse. Modern Bloodhounds, however, are capable of following trails even through water, showcasing their legendary olfactory prowess.

By the 1500s, Bloodhounds found a new role as law enforcement dogs. Queen Elizabeth I reportedly used them to track Irish rebels, and Scottish Border lords employed them to hunt down reivers—cattle thieves who plagued the region. These tasks cemented the Bloodhound’s reputation as an invaluable working dog.

The 19th century marked the beginning of the modern Bloodhound. Edwin Brough, often regarded as the father of the modern breed, established breeding programs focused on standardizing both their appearance and working abilities. The first official breed standard appeared in 1814, and by 1877, the American Bloodhound Club was formed, reflecting the breed’s growing international popularity.

The Bloodhound’s scenting abilities remain unmatched. While humans have about 5 million scent receptors, Bloodhounds boast approximately 300 million. Scientific studies confirm their ability to detect scents in concentrations as low as one part per trillion—equivalent to finding a single drop of perfume in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. They can follow trails up to two weeks old and even distinguish between identical twins, a feat beyond even advanced forensic technology.

Today, Bloodhounds play critical roles in law enforcement and search-and-rescue operations. The FBI maintains specialized Bloodhound teams, and these dogs assist in finding missing persons worldwide. They are even being explored in medical detection work, where early research shows promise in identifying diseases through scent.

Despite their remarkable abilities, the breed faces modern challenges. With a relatively small breeding population, genetic diversity must be carefully managed to avoid health issues common in large breeds, such as hip dysplasia and bloat. Conservation efforts focus on preserving their unique working traits while improving overall health.

What makes the Bloodhound truly special is that after more than 1,000 years, they are still doing exactly what those Belgian monks bred them to do: using their extraordinary noses to serve humanity. From tracking medieval fugitives to locating missing persons and aiding scientific advancements, the Bloodhound’s legacy stands as a testament to the enduring value of purpose-bred dogs.



Physical Characteristics

The Bloodhound is a large, powerfully built scent hound, renowned for its exceptional tracking abilities. Their physical size reflects their strength and stamina, designed for long hours of scent-tracking work.

  • Males typically stand between 25 to 27 inches (64–69 cm) at the shoulder and weigh between 90 to 110 pounds (41–50 kg).
  • Females stand between 23 to 25 inches (58–64 cm) and weigh 80 to 100 pounds (36–45 kg).

Bloodhounds are known for their loose skin and droopy expression, which not only adds to their unique appearance but also aids in scent tracking.

The Bloodhound’s coat is functional, providing protection from rough terrain without requiring heavy maintenance.

  • Texture: The coat is short, dense, and slightly hard, lying close to the body. This type of coat allows the dog to remain dry and clean while working in outdoor environments such as forests and fields.
  • Color: Bloodhounds come in three recognized colors:
    • Black and tan: The most common, with a rich black saddle covering the back and tan on the legs, chest, and face.
    • Liver and tan: A variation with a liver-colored saddle instead of black.
    • Red: A solid reddish-brown coat without the darker saddle markings.

While their coat is low-maintenance, their loose skin and facial folds require more attention to prevent infections and maintain hygiene.

Several physical traits set the Bloodhound apart, making it one of the most recognizable breeds:

  • Head and Expression: The large, long head is covered with deep wrinkles and loose skin, especially around the neck, which creates a distinctive saggy appearance. This loose skin helps trap scent particles while tracking.
  • Ears: Bloodhounds have extremely long, drooping ears, which aid in scent collection by sweeping the ground and funneling scents toward the nose. The ears are a key feature of the breed’s ability to track scents for miles.
  • Eyes: Their deep-set, droopy eyes give them a mournful expression. This appearance comes from the loose skin around the eyes, known as haw.
  • Body and Build: Bloodhounds are muscular and built for endurance rather than speed. Their broad chests provide lung capacity for stamina, while their legs are straight and sturdy, designed to carry them over long distances.

Their overall appearance reflects their ability to work tirelessly in pursuit of a scent.



Temperament and Behavior

The Bloodhound is known for its intelligence, particularly when it comes to scent tracking, where they are unparalleled. However, their intelligence does not always translate into easy trainability.

  • Trainability: Bloodhounds can be stubborn and independent, traits that come from their history of working alone while tracking scents. They may be slow to respond to commands, especially if they are focused on a scent. Positive reinforcement and patient, consistent training are essential.
  • Tracking Abilities: They are driven by their nose, and once they pick up a scent, they may become single-minded, following the trail with intense focus. This makes leash training crucial, as they are prone to wandering off in pursuit of an interesting smell.

 

Despite their somewhat relaxed appearance, Bloodhounds have moderate to high energy levels, particularly when working or following a scent. They are bred for endurance, so they need plenty of opportunities to exercise.

  • Exercise Requirements: Bloodhounds need at least 60 to 90 minutes of exercise per day, which can include long walks, play sessions, or scent-tracking activities. Their natural instinct to track means that activities involving scent work, such as hide-and-seek games, are particularly satisfying for them.
  • While they are not as playful as some breeds, they enjoy interactive games and mental stimulation. Without sufficient exercise, they can become bored and potentially destructive, especially in a home environment.

Bloodhounds are known for their gentle and affectionate nature. They form strong bonds with their families and are generally good-natured and tolerant, making them excellent companions for households with children.

  • They are friendly and social, often welcoming strangers with curiosity rather than aggression, although they may be somewhat reserved at first.
  • Bloodhounds are patient and calm, which makes them suitable for families with young children. However, their large size and energy can be overwhelming for smaller children, so supervision is important.

They thrive on companionship and can suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. They prefer being with their families and are happiest when they can participate in daily activities.



Caring and Grooming

The Bloodhound’s short coat is low-maintenance, but their skin and facial folds require extra care to prevent infections.

  • Brushing: They only need to be brushed once a week with a soft bristle brush or grooming mitt to remove loose hair and keep their coat clean.
  • Bathing: Bloodhounds should be bathed once every 2 to 3 months, unless they get particularly dirty. Special attention should be paid to their skin folds and ears during baths to prevent infections.

Their long ears and facial folds are prone to infections due to moisture and trapped dirt. Regular ear cleaning is essential, as well as wiping down their facial wrinkles to keep them dry and clean. Failing to clean these areas can lead to serious skin or ear problems.

Bloodhounds are working dogs and require daily exercise to keep them physically fit and mentally stimulated. Without sufficient exercise, they can become restless and bored, leading to behavioral issues such as chewing or digging.

  • 60 to 90 minutes of exercise per day is recommended. This can include long walks, off-leash play in a secure area, or structured scent-tracking exercises. Due to their strong prey drive and scenting instinct, it’s important that they are always supervised during off-leash time.
  • Activities that engage their sense of smell, like scent work or tracking games, are especially rewarding for this breed and help satisfy their natural instincts.

 

The Bloodhound requires a balanced diet to support their large size and active lifestyle. They typically need 4 to 6 cups of high-quality dog food per day, split into two meals. The exact amount depends on their age, activity level, and metabolism.

  • A diet rich in lean protein supports their muscle mass, while healthy fats provide energy for their active lifestyle.
  • Bloodhounds are prone to bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a serious condition that can occur in large, deep-chested breeds. To reduce the risk of bloat, it is recommended to feed them smaller meals and avoid vigorous exercise immediately after eating.

Monitoring their weight is important, as obesity can exacerbate health problems, particularly joint issues.



Ideal Living Environment

The Bloodhound is best suited for homes with plenty of space, such as a large yard or access to open areas where they can explore and follow scents. They are not well-suited to apartment living, due to their size and high energy needs.

They benefit from a securely fenced yard, as their strong scenting instinct makes them prone to wandering off if they catch an interesting smell.

The Bloodhound’s short coat makes them adaptable to a variety of climates, though they are more comfortable in moderate climates:

In hot weather, care should be taken to prevent overheating, as they can be prone to heat exhaustion. Ensure they have access to shade and plenty of water.
In cold weather, their short coat provides some protection, but they may require a coat or jacket during extremely cold temperatures, especially for long periods outdoors.

Generally good with other dogs and can live peacefully with other pets, especially if they’re raised together. However, because of their strong hunting instincts, they may see smaller animals as prey. Supervision is recommended when introducing a Bloodhound to smaller pets, and early socialization can help mitigate any potential issues .



Life Stages

Bloodhound puppies are energetic and curious, requiring early socialization and training to help them grow into well-mannered adults. Crate training and positive reinforcement methods work best, as their independent nature can make training more challenging if started too late.

Due to their rapid growth, special care should be taken with their diet and exercise during puppyhood to avoid placing too much strain on their developing joints.

In adulthood (between 1.5 to 6 years), Bloodhounds are at their peak physical and mental capabilities. They require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy. This is the stage when they are most active and focused, particularly when working or participating in tracking activities.

Their affectionate nature and loyalty become more pronounced during this stage, making them excellent companions for families.

As Bloodhounds age (around 7 years and older), their energy levels may decrease, but they still require moderate exercise to maintain their health and prevent weight gain. Joint supplements and a senior-specific diet can help support their aging bodies, particularly if they develop arthritis or other mobility issues.



Health

The Bloodhound is generally a healthy breed, but they can be prone to certain health issues, particularly due to their size and unique physical characteristics. Their life expectancy is typically 10 to 12 years.

  • Hip Dysplasia: A genetic condition where the hip joint does not fit properly into the socket, leading to arthritis and pain.
  • Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): A life-threatening condition common in large breeds, where the stomach fills with gas and twists.
  • Ear Infections: Due to their long ears, Bloodhounds are prone to ear infections if the ears are not cleaned regularly.
  • Eye Conditions: Their droopy eyes are prone to conditions such as entropion (inward rolling eyelids) and ectropion (outward rolling eyelids), both of which can lead to irritation and infection.

Owners should watch for signs of potential health issues, such as:

Limping or difficulty moving (indicative of hip dysplasia).
Restlessness, bloating, or discomfort after eating (signs of bloat).
Frequent ear scratching or head shaking (indicative of ear infections).
Eye discharge or redness (signs of eye conditions).

Regular vet check-ups are essential for catching potential health problems early. Hip evaluations, eye exams, and routine ear cleaning are crucial parts of their care. Owners should also monitor their dog’s weight and provide a balanced diet to prevent obesity and joint issues.

Bloodhound with a black and tan coat standing alertly in the snow

Bringing home a Bloodhound puppy is an exciting adventure, but it’s important to remember that these puppies will grow into large, powerful dogs with a nose that never stops working. Here’s how to prepare for your new scent-seeking companion:

  • Exercise and scent work: Bloodhounds are high-energy dogs that need plenty of physical exercise and mental stimulation. They thrive on scent-based activities, so consider incorporating games like hide-and-seek or tracking exercises into their routine to keep their minds sharp.
  • Start training early: Bloodhounds are smart, but they can also be a little stubborn, especially if they catch a scent. Start obedience training early to teach them basic commands and recall. Consistency and positive reinforcement are key to helping them focus.
  • Socialization is essential: Bloodhounds are friendly, but they can be a bit reserved with strangers. Early socialization is important to help them become confident, well-rounded adults. Introduce them to a variety of people, places, and situations to build their confidence.
  • Secure your yard: A Bloodhound’s nose is its most powerful asset, and if it catches a scent, it might just decide to follow it — even if that means hopping the fence. Make sure your yard is securely fenced to keep your puppy safe and contained.
  • Grooming basics: Bloodhounds have loose, wrinkled skin that needs regular cleaning to prevent infections, especially around their ears and face. Regular brushing helps keep their coat healthy, and be prepared for a bit of drool — it’s all part of the Bloodhound charm.

The Bloodhound is a working dog at heart, and they love activities that engage their powerful noses and strong bodies. Here are a few activities where Bloodhounds really excel:

  • Tracking and search-and-rescue: Bloodhounds are the ultimate trackers, and they thrive in scent-based activities like tracking trials or search-and-rescue missions. Whether they’re finding lost people or tracking a scent trail, these dogs are happiest when they’re using their noses.
  • Scent work and nose games: Keep your Bloodhound mentally stimulated with nose work games. Hide treats around the house or yard and let them use their tracking skills to find them. It’s a fun and rewarding way to keep them engaged.
  • Hiking and outdoor adventures: Bloodhounds love spending time outdoors, especially in areas where they can track and explore. Their endurance makes them great hiking companions, and they’ll happily join you on long walks in nature.
  • Canine sports: Though Bloodhounds aren’t the most agile of breeds, they can still participate in dog sports like obedience and rally trials. These activities challenge their intelligence and help build a strong bond with their handler.

Because of their size and high energy levels, Bloodhounds sometimes end up in rescue situations when owners aren’t fully prepared for their needs. However, adopting a Bloodhound can be a rewarding experience, especially for those who are ready to provide the structure and exercise they require.

There are several Bloodhound-specific rescue organizations that work to find homes for these incredible dogs. Adopting a Bloodhound can give them a second chance at life, and with the right environment, they’ll quickly become loyal and loving companions.

Fun Facts about Bloodhounds

  • Nose to the ground: A Bloodhound’s sense of smell is so powerful that was used as legal evidence in court! Their ability to track scents is second to none.

  • Iconic ears: Those long, droopy ears aren’t just for show. They help trap scent particles close to the dog’s nose, making it easier for them to track even the faintest of trails.

  • Gentle giants: Despite their strong, independent nature, Bloodhounds are known for being gentle and patient, especially with children.

Common Myths about Bloodhounds

Myth 1: Bloodhounds are aggressive because they’re large and strong.
Not true! Bloodhounds are actually known for their gentle, friendly nature. While they’re powerful trackers, they’re also affectionate and great with families.

Myth 2: Bloodhounds are difficult to train.
While Bloodhounds can be stubborn, especially when they’re on a scent, they are intelligent dogs. With consistency, positive reinforcement, and patience, Bloodhounds can learn commands and thrive in training environments.

Conclusion

The Bloodhound is a breed that combines incredible tracking skills with a gentle, affectionate nature. Whether they’re working as search-and-rescue dogs, tracking down lost items around the house, or simply lounging with their family, Bloodhounds are loyal, intelligent, and full of character. If you’re looking for a dog that’s both hardworking and loving, the Bloodhound might be the perfect companion for you.

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