American Foxhound

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The American Foxhound is a breed known for its stamina, speed, and keen hunting abilities. Developed to track foxes across rugged terrains, this breed has a long history as a dedicated hunting companion in the United States. Though they are primarily bred for hunting, American Foxhounds are also gentle, affectionate, and can make loyal family pets—especially for active households with plenty of room for them to roam.

Lifespawn

11–13 years

Weight

60–70 pounds (27–32 kg)

Height

Males: 22–25 inches (56–64 cm); Females: 21–24 inches (53–61 cm) at the shoulder

Colours

Variety of color combinations; commonly black, white, and tan; tricolor patterns

Size

Medium to large

Breed Group

Hound

Quick Facts

  • Suitable for experienced owners; requires consistent training and socialization
  • Early socialization and obedience training are essential; can be independent and stubborn
  • High energy; requires substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation
  • Medium to large-sized dog
  • Low drooling tendency
  • Low grooming needs; regular brushing to maintain coat health
  • Non-hypoallergenic breed
  • Highly vocal; known for distinctive baying and howling
  • Friendly and sociable; not typically used as a guard dog
  • Generally good with other dogs; may have a high prey drive towards smaller animals
  • Good with children; supervision recommended due to energy levels

History and Origin

The American Foxhound’s story begins in the Colonial era, and like other great American tales, it involves George Washington himself. In 1785, the future president received a gift that would help shape American hunting history—several French Foxhounds from the Marquis de Lafayette. These dogs, however, weren’t Washington’s first involvement with foxhound breeding. He had already been working with English Foxhounds, carefully documenting his breeding program at Mount Vernon.

Washington’s meticulous records show a deliberate effort to create a faster, lighter hound than the English varieties. He wasn’t alone in this pursuit. Early American hunters discovered that English Foxhounds, bred for following foxes across the manicured estates of England, struggled with the larger American red fox and the challenging terrain of the New World. The forests were denser, the distances greater, and the quarry more elusive.

The introduction of French hounds to the existing English stock proved transformative. These crosses produced dogs with greater speed and stamina, essential qualities for hunting in vast American territories. Washington’s detailed breeding records from Mount Vernon provide the first documented evidence of the development of what would become the American Foxhound.

In the years following American independence, distinct regional strains emerged. The Walker Foxhound, developed by John W. Walker of Kentucky in the 1850s, became particularly influential. Walker focused on creating dogs with exceptional endurance and a clear, carrying voice—qualities essential for long hunts through challenging terrain. His breeding program was so successful that “Walker” remains a recognized strain of the American Foxhound to this day.

The Trigg Foxhound, another significant strain, emerged from Kentucky breeding programs in the late 1860s. Colonel Haiden C. Trigg developed these dogs specifically for hunting in rough country, selecting for both speed and stamina. Historical records show careful breeding selections aimed at creating hounds capable of maintaining the chase over long distances.

The July Foxhound strain, developed by Colonel Miles G. July of Georgia, added another dimension to the breed’s development. These dogs were bred specifically for hunting in the hot conditions of the American South, contributing heat tolerance to the breed’s growing list of adaptations to American conditions.

Formal recognition came in 1886, when the American Foxhound became one of the first breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). Yet, unlike many early AKC breeds, the American Foxhound continued to evolve primarily as a hunting dog rather than a show animal. Different regions maintained their distinct strains, each adapted to local hunting conditions and preferences.

Today’s American Foxhound still reflects its purposeful development. Longer-legged and rangier than its English ancestor, it maintains the speed and stamina that colonial hunters bred for. The various strains—Walker, Trigg, July, and others—continue to demonstrate how the breed adapted to meet different hunting needs across America.

The breed stands as one of the few whose working abilities haven’t been significantly altered by show breeding. This preservation of function over form reflects the priorities of the hunters who developed it, from Washington’s early breeding program to the strain developers who followed. Their focus remained steadfastly on creating dogs that could perform in American hunting conditions, regardless of changing fashions in the dog world.

The American Foxhound represents one of the earliest examples of American dog breeders adapting European hunting dogs to meet the unique challenges of the New World. Its development, documented through breeding records spanning more than two centuries, demonstrates how practical necessity shaped one of America’s oldest native breeds.



Physical Characteristics

The American Foxhound is a medium to large-sized breed known for its athletic and agile build.

  • Males typically stand between 22 to 25 inches (56–64 cm) at the shoulder and weigh between 60 to 70 pounds (27–32 kg).
  • Females are slightly smaller, standing between 21 to 24 inches (53–61 cm) and weighing within the same range

American Foxhounds have a short, hard coat that provides protection while hunting in rough terrain.

  • Texture: Their coat is short, dense, and close to the body, providing just enough protection from the elements without adding too much bulk.
  • Colors: Foxhounds come in a variety of color combinations, including tricolor (black, white, and tan), red, white, blue, and various shades of tan. Their coloration often resembles that of the English Foxhound, with distinct markings that give each dog a unique look.

American Foxhounds have a classic hound appearance, characterized by their long legs, alert expression, and sleek build.

  • Head and Expression: Foxhounds have a broad, slightly domed head with soft, large eyes that convey an intelligent and kind expression. Their long, drooping ears frame their face and are typical of hound breeds, giving them a gentle and thoughtful look.
  • Tail: Their tail is moderately long and carried high with a slight upward curve, adding to their elegant and balanced appearance.



Temperament and Behavior

American Foxhounds are intelligent but often independent, making training a challenge for first-time dog owners.

  • Trainability: Foxhounds are smart, but their natural hunting instincts can make them stubborn when it comes to training. Early socialization and consistent, positive reinforcement training are essential. They are known to follow their nose, so it’s important to keep them engaged and on a leash during walks. Training should focus on recall, as their strong prey drive can lead them to chase after scents.
  • Problem-Solving: As natural hunters, Foxhounds are good problem-solvers when it comes to tracking and hunting, but this independence can sometimes result in them thinking they know best! Keeping training sessions fun and varied helps keep them interested.

Foxhounds are high-energy dogs that need plenty of exercise to burn off their natural energy.

  • Exercise Needs: You should plan for at least 90 minutes of exercise daily. Foxhounds are bred for long-distance running, so activities like running, hiking, or even bike rides are perfect for keeping them fit. Without enough exercise, they can become bored, which may lead to destructive behaviors like chewing or excessive barking.
  • Playfulness: American Foxhounds are playful and enjoy interactive games like fetch or tug-of-war, though their true joy is following a scent. They are happiest when they have plenty of space to roam and explore, so giving them opportunities to run and use their natural instincts is important.

Foxhounds are loyal and friendly but often a bit more independent than other breeds.

  • Loyalty: While they bond closely with their family, Foxhounds are not overly clingy. They are naturally social and do well in homes where they can interact with both people and other dogs. They are generally good-natured and get along well with children and other pets.
  • Affectionate Nature: American Foxhounds are affectionate, but they are also known for their independent streak. They enjoy being part of family activities but are often content with some alone time as well. Their calm demeanor indoors contrasts with their high-energy outdoor personality.



Caring and Grooming

The American Foxhound’s short coat is low-maintenance but still requires some care to keep it looking its best.

  • Brushing: You should brush your Foxhound’s coat once a week to remove loose hair and keep it looking shiny. A rubber curry brush works well to manage shedding, which is moderate throughout the year.
  • Bathing: Bathing is necessary only every few months or when they get particularly dirty. Since they are relatively clean dogs, they don’t require frequent baths. Use a gentle dog shampoo to avoid stripping their coat of natural oils.
  • Ear and Nail Care: Their long, floppy ears can trap dirt and moisture, so regular ear cleaning is important to prevent infections. Their nails should be trimmed every few weeks, especially if they don’t naturally wear them down through outdoor activity.

American Foxhounds are extremely active dogs that need daily exercise to stay healthy and happy.

  • Daily Exercise: You should provide at least 90 minutes of exercise per day. They thrive on long walks, runs, or hikes, and they love activities that engage their natural scent-tracking abilities. Foxhounds are best suited for homes with large yards or access to open spaces where they can run safely.
  • Mental Stimulation: In addition to physical exercise, Foxhounds need mental challenges. Scent games, training sessions, and puzzle toys are great ways to keep their minds engaged and prevent boredom.

A well-balanced diet is crucial for keeping your American Foxhound healthy and full of energy.

  • Commercial Food: Feed your Foxhound high-quality kibble designed for active, medium to large breeds. Look for food rich in lean proteins, such as chicken or lamb, and healthy fats to support their energy needs.
  • Foods to Avoid: Avoid overfeeding or giving them fatty, processed foods, as Foxhounds can gain weight if not properly exercised. Stick to portion-controlled meals and limit treats to maintain a healthy weight.
  • Portion Control: You should feed your Foxhound about 2.5 to 3.5 cups of food per day, divided into two meals. Adjust their portions based on their activity level, age, and metabolism to prevent overeating.



Ideal Living Environment

American Foxhounds thrive in homes with plenty of space to run and explore.

Homes with Yards: Ideally, Foxhounds should live in homes with large, securely fenced yards where they can run freely. They need space to burn off energy, and a yard gives them the freedom to follow scents and stay active.

Rural or Suburban Living: Foxhounds are best suited for rural or suburban areas where they have access to open spaces for exercise. They can live in a suburban setting if they receive plenty of daily exercise but may not be well-suited for apartment life due to their high energy and love of running.

American Foxhounds are adaptable to different climates but need extra care in extreme conditions.

Cold Weather: Their short coat doesn’t provide much protection against cold weather, so in colder climates, you should limit their time outside and provide a jacket or sweater for walks in freezing temperatures.

Hot Weather: In warmer climates, make sure they have access to shade and fresh water. Avoid exercising them during the hottest part of the day to prevent overheating.

American Foxhounds are generally friendly but need careful introductions to other pets due to their strong prey drive.

Other Dogs:

  • Why it’s good for them: Foxhounds are pack-oriented and typically enjoy the company of other dogs, especially if they’ve been raised together.
  • Tip: Supervise early interactions to ensure positive behavior and prevent rough play.

Cats & Small Pets:

  • Challenges: Foxhounds may chase smaller animals due to their hunting instincts.
  • How to manage: Introduce them slowly and under supervision, rewarding calm behavior around smaller pets.



Life Stages

American Foxhound puppies are energetic, curious, and full of mischief.

Training Early: Start socialization and basic obedience training as early as possible. Foxhound puppies are curious and may be easily distracted by scents, so consistency and patience are key.

Exercise: While puppies are active, avoid over-exercising them to protect their developing bones and joints. Short play sessions and gentle walks are ideal during this stage.

In adulthood, Foxhounds are active, friendly, and independent companions.

Exercise and Training: Adult Foxhounds need plenty of daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy. They thrive in homes where they can engage in outdoor activities like running and scent work.

As they age, Foxhounds may slow down but still require regular activity.

Exercise: Senior Foxhounds still need daily exercise but at a gentler pace. Shorter walks and less intense activities are ideal to maintain their health and mobility.

Diet: Switch to a senior-specific diet to support joint health and prevent weight gain as their activity levels decrease.



Health

American Foxhounds are generally healthy, but they can be prone to certain conditions.

  • Hip Dysplasia: This genetic condition affects the hip joint and can lead to arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight and regular check-ups can help manage this condition.
  • Ear Infections: Their long, floppy ears can be prone to infections if not cleaned regularly. Routine ear checks and cleanings can help prevent this issue.

Here’s what you should watch for:

Limping or difficulty moving, which could indicate joint problems such as hip dysplasia.
Frequent ear scratching or shaking, which may signal an ear infection.
Lethargy or weight gain, which could indicate underlying health issues such as obesity or thyroid problems.

Routine care and regular vet visits are essential to keeping your American Foxhound healthy and active.

Weight Management: Keep your Foxhound at a healthy weight by feeding them appropriately sized portions and ensuring they get plenty of exercise.

Ear Care: Regularly check and clean their ears to prevent infections, especially if they’ve been outdoors or in damp conditions.

Vet Visits: Routine check-ups, including screenings for hip dysplasia and regular dental care, are important for maintaining their overall health and detecting potential problems early.

Close-up of a relaxed Beagle lying on a soft carpet, gazing gently with its expressive eyes.

Crate Training

  • What to do: Choose a medium-to-large crate with a soft bed.
  • Why it’s good for them: Crate training helps housebreak your puppy and provides them a safe, quiet space to relax after energetic play.
  • Tip: Place the crate in a central part of the home to help them feel secure, and introduce it with treats and toys to create positive associations.

Leash Training

  • What to do: Use a strong leash and harness.
  • Why it’s good for them: American Foxhounds have a strong prey drive and love to follow scents, so leash training helps manage their instincts.
  • Tip: Start with short walks, rewarding them for staying calm, and gradually increase the distance to match their high stamina.

Socialization

  • What to do: Introduce your puppy to various environments, people, and other pets early on.
  • Why it’s good for them: Early socialization helps Foxhounds become friendly, confident adults, reducing timidness or anxiety in new situations.
  • Tip: Use positive reinforcement with treats and praise when they encounter new experiences calmly.

Mental Stimulation and Play

  • What to do: Provide interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and scent-based games.
  • Why it’s good for them: Foxhounds are intelligent and need mental stimulation to prevent boredom and frustration, which can lead to excessive barking or destructive behavior.
  • Tip: Hide treats or toys and encourage them to use their excellent noses to find them.

American Foxhounds are built for endurance and love activities that let them stretch their legs and use their tracking skills. Keeping them active is key to their happiness.

Hiking & Long Walks

  • Why it’s great for them: Foxhounds love exploring new environments and have the stamina for long hikes.
  • Tip: Keep them leashed, as their prey drive may lead them to chase wildlife.

Scent Work & Tracking

  • Why it’s great for them: Foxhounds excel at scent work and enjoy following trails.
  • Tip: Set up scent trails using treats or toys to challenge their tracking skills.

Running

  • Why it’s great for them: Foxhounds have great endurance, making them excellent running companions.
  • Tip: Build up their stamina slowly, starting with short runs to ensure they are comfortable.

Agility Training

  • Why it’s great for them: Foxhounds are agile and love physical challenges, making agility courses an exciting way to burn off energy.
  • Tip: Keep training sessions fun, as Foxhounds are independent and need motivation.

Fetch

  • Why it’s great for them: Foxhounds enjoy chasing after toys, and fetch helps burn off their energy while reinforcing their retrieving instinct.
  • Tip: Use durable toys that can withstand their excitement and keep the game engaging.

American Foxhounds can sometimes end up in rescues due to their high energy levels and specific exercise needs, which may be overwhelming for some owners. However, with the right family, they make loyal, affectionate companions.

Why adopt one? Foxhounds are friendly, intelligent, and thrive in active households where they have space to explore and use their scenting skills.
What to expect: Be prepared for a high-energy dog that needs regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy. Foxhounds excel in homes with large yards or active owners who enjoy outdoor adventures.

Fun Facts About the American Foxhound

  • George Washington’s Breed: The first president of the United States, George Washington, was a key figure in developing the American Foxhound. He bred his own pack of foxhounds and kept detailed records of their lineage, helping to shape the breed.

  • Pack Workers: American Foxhounds are typically used in pack hunting, where multiple dogs work together to chase and corner game. This makes them highly social with other dogs, though they may not always be as focused on human interaction.

  • Built for Speed: American Foxhounds are built for speed and stamina, with long legs and a lean body that helps them cover great distances quickly. They can run up to 30 miles per hour when in full pursuit of game.

  • Singing Hounds: Known for their distinctive baying, American Foxhounds have a melodic bark that can carry over long distances. This makes them excellent hunting dogs but can also be a bit noisy for families in suburban or urban environments.

  • Rare as Pets: Although they are recognized by the AKC, American Foxhounds are still relatively rare as companion dogs. They are primarily found in the southern United States, where they remain popular with hunters.

Common Myths About the American Foxhound

  • Myth 1: “American Foxhounds are too high-energy to be family pets.”

    While American Foxhounds are highly energetic and need plenty of exercise, they can make loyal and affectionate family pets for active households. Regular walks, runs, and playtime will help them stay happy and healthy.

  • Myth 2: “They are too stubborn to train.”

    While American Foxhounds can be independent and stubborn, they are also intelligent and capable of learning commands. With patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement, they can be trained successfully.

  • Myth 3: “They don’t get along with other dogs.”

    In fact, American Foxhounds are highly social dogs that typically work in packs. They are generally good with other dogs, especially if they’ve been raised together or properly socialized.

  • Myth 4: “They are not suitable for homes with small yards.”

    While American Foxhounds thrive in open spaces, they can adapt to homes with smaller yards if they receive sufficient exercise. Regular long walks or trips to the dog park can help keep them happy in more confined living spaces.

Conclusion: The Athletic and Loyal American Foxhound

The American Foxhound is a breed that combines speed, endurance, and a strong work ethic with a gentle, affectionate personality. Whether they are chasing game across the countryside or lounging at home with their family, American Foxhounds are known for their devotion and loyalty. While their high energy levels and independent nature may make them a better fit for experienced dog owners, they can be wonderful companions for those who appreciate their hunting spirit and love of adventure.

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