
Quick Facts
- Best suited for owners with some experience;
- Highly trainable; excels with positive reinforcement and enjoys learning new tasks.
- Very high energy; needs extensive daily physical activity and mental challenges.
- Medium-sized dog.
- Low; minimal drooling.
- Moderate; regular brushing to manage shedding and maintain coat health.
- Not hypoallergenic; sheds seasonally.
- Moderate; may bark, especially when herding or alerting.
- Alert and watchful; can be reserved with strangers.
- Generally good with other pets if properly socialized.
- Good with children; supervision recommended due to high energy levels.
History and Origin
The Border Collie’s story begins in the borderlands between Scotland and England, where selective breeding over centuries produced the ultimate sheep-herding dog. It is widely believed that the foundation of these herding dogs traces back to Roman herding dogs, brought to Britain during the Roman invasion in 43 AD, which interbred with local Celtic dogs. While this narrative is supported by historical accounts and archaeological studies of Roman-era dogs, it remains speculative as no direct lineage can be confirmed.
The most significant moment in the documented history of the Border Collie came in 1893 with the birth of Hemp, bred by Adam Telfer in Northumberland. Hemp revolutionized sheep herding with his quiet, focused working style and his use of “the eye”—an intense, staring behavior that controlled sheep with precision. Historical records and accounts from Telfer describe Hemp as exceptionally effective, and his influence was so profound that virtually every modern Border Collie can trace their lineage back to him.
Another pivotal figure in the breed’s development was James Lilico of Northumberland, who bred Old Kep, Hemp’s most successful offspring. Lilico’s breeding program helped refine many traits seen in modern Border Collies, always prioritizing working ability over appearance. This emphasis remains central to proper Border Collie breeding, ensuring their exceptional herding capabilities endure.
The name “Border Collie” wasn’t officially coined until 1915 by James Reid, secretary of the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS). The ISDS, established in 1906, implemented a registration system based entirely on working ability. Dogs had to demonstrate their herding skills before being registered, a practice that continues to this day and has been vital in preserving the breed’s working excellence.
The first official sheepdog trials took place in 1873 in Bala, Wales. While this predates the ISDS, these trials were crucial in setting standards for evaluating working ability in herding dogs, which later became central to the development of the Border Collie.
In more recent history, a divide emerged within the breed when show breeding gained popularity. This led to the development of two distinct types: working Border Collies, maintained by shepherds and the ISDS, and show-line dogs, bred for conformation rather than herding ability. The controversy peaked in 1995, when the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the Border Collie as a breed. Many breed purists opposed this recognition, fearing it would shift emphasis away from working traits in favor of appearance, as has occurred in other breeds.
Scientific studies consistently rank the Border Collie as the most intelligent dog breed, validating its exceptional ability to understand complex commands and solve advanced problems. (though some argue for the Belgian Malinois as the most intelligent dog breed). A modern example is Chaser, a Border Collie who became famous for her ability to recognize over 1,000 objects by name. Her achievements are documented and widely regarded as evidence of the breed’s unparalleled intelligence.
Today’s Border Collies maintain their strong herding instincts and working abilities. Many still serve their original purpose on farms worldwide, while others excel in dog sports, including agility, obedience, and flyball, which challenge their physical and mental capabilities.
What makes the Border Collie unique is its unwavering emphasis on working ability throughout its history. From Hemp’s revolutionary herding style to modern working dogs, the breed remains one of the purest examples of function-driven dog breeding. This remarkable consistency has been preserved through careful documentation, selective breeding, and the commitment of shepherds and breeders who prioritize utility over aesthetics.

Fun Facts about Border Collies
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World’s smartest dog: Border Collies are often considered the most intelligent dog breed, consistently ranking at the top of intelligence tests and training competitions.
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Record breakers: A Border Collie named Chaser holds the record for the largest vocabulary of any dog, understanding over 1,000 words!
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The “eye”: Border Collies are famous for their intense stare, or “eye,” which they use to control livestock. This focused, unblinking look is part of what makes them such effective herders.
Common Myths about Border Collies
Myth 1: Border Collies are too high-energy for a family home.
While Border Collies do have high energy levels, they can make great family dogs if given enough exercise and mental stimulation. They thrive in active households where they can be a part of daily activities.
Myth 2: Border Collies are only good for herding.
Not true! While they are excellent herding dogs, Border Collies excel in a wide range of activities, including agility, obedience, search-and-rescue, and even therapy work.
Conclusion
The Border Collie is a breed that combines intelligence, energy, and loyalty in one hardworking, lovable package. Whether they’re herding sheep, competing in agility trials, or simply being your loyal companion, Border Collies are always up for a challenge. If you’re ready for a dog that will push you mentally and physically (in the best way possible), the Border Collie might just be the perfect fit for you.
If you want a very smart dog, then rest assured, the Border Collie is perfect for you. Besides, they’re also full of heart. I’ve seen quite a few of them and I can say that I’m always impressed with their wits. Definitely perfect dog to love and show off in front of your friends.