American English Coonhound

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The American English Coonhound is a breed known for its speed, endurance, and determination in the hunt. Bred to pursue raccoons and other game, these dogs are highly skilled at tracking prey, often over long distances and challenging terrain. Though they are primarily hunting dogs, American English Coonhounds are also loyal, affectionate, and can make excellent family companions, especially for active households.

Lifespawn

11–12 years

Weight

40–65 pounds (18–29 kg)

Height

Males: 22–27 inches (56–69 cm); Females: 21–25 inches (53–64 cm) at the shoulder

Colours

Variety of color combinations; commonly red and white ticked, blue and white ticked, tricolor, red and white, or black and white

Size

Medium to Large

Breed Group

Hound

Quick Facts

  • Suitable for owners with some experience; requires consistent training and socialization
  • Early socialization and obedience training are essential; can be independent and stubborn
  • High energy; requires substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation
  • Medium to large-sized dog
  • Low to moderate drooling
  • Low grooming needs; regular brushing to maintain coat health
  • Non-hypoallergenic breed
  • Highly vocal; known for distinctive baying and howling
  • Friendly and sociable; not typically used as a guard dog
  • Generally good with other dogs; may have a high prey drive towards smaller animals
  • Good with children; supervision recommended due to energy levels

History and Origin

The documented history of the American English Coonhound begins in colonial America, where English Foxhounds arrived with settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Historical records confirm George Washington among the early importers of these hunting dogs, which would later form the foundation stock for several American hound breeds.

These English imports faced immediate challenges in the American terrain. While English Foxhounds were bred for pursuing foxes across managed estates, the American wilderness demanded different capabilities. The dense forests, rough terrain, and native wildlife of the American South required significant adaptations in hunting style and dog development.

Virginia’s hunters spearheaded the breed’s early development in the late 1700s. These dogs, initially known as “Virginia Hounds,” emerged as faster, more agile versions of their English ancestors. Historical accounts document deliberate breeding selections for enhanced stamina, stronger tracking abilities, and most notably, the capability to hunt effectively at night.

The breed’s specialization in raccoon hunting emerged during the early 1800s, as shown in hunting records and breed descriptions of the period. Hunters specifically bred for what they termed “cold-nosed” abilities—the capacity to follow older scent trails even in challenging conditions. This trait proved essential for both raccoon and fox hunting in American forests.

By the mid-19th century, organized hunting competitions provided the first standardized assessments of these dogs’ abilities. Contemporary accounts highlight the importance of the breed’s distinctive voice, which needed to carry through dense forest at night. This period saw the establishment of specific breeding programs focused on developing dogs that excelled in night hunting trials.

The early 20th century brought formal recognition. The United Kennel Club registered the breed in 1905 as the English Fox and Coonhound. This period coincided with increased demand for hunting dogs driven by the fur trade, leading to further refinement of the breed’s working capabilities.

Breed standardization continued through the 20th century, culminating in American Kennel Club recognition in June 2011 under the current name “American English Coonhound.” This name change officially acknowledged the breed’s development as a distinct American creation rather than simply an American variation of the English Foxhound.

Contemporary breeding programs maintain the working characteristics that historical records show were prized by early American hunters: stamina for extended night hunting, strong scenting ability, and the distinctive voice that allowed hunters to follow their dogs’ progress through darkness. Unlike many historic breeds that transitioned primarily to show or companion roles, documented evidence shows the American English Coonhound continuing its traditional hunting functions.

The breed stands as a verified example of early American dog breeding, demonstrating how colonial hunters adapted European hunting dogs to meet the specific challenges of the American wilderness. Their development reflects the practical demands of American hunting traditions rather than the formal requirements of show breeding.



Physical Characteristics

The American English Coonhound is a medium to large-sized breed known for its athletic and agile build.

  • Males typically stand between 22 to 27 inches (56–69 cm) at the shoulder and weigh between 40 to 65 pounds (18–29 kg).
  • Females are slightly smaller, standing between 21 to 25 inches (53–64 cm) and weighing within the same range (18–29 kg).

The American English Coonhound has a short, hard coat designed for ease of maintenance and durability in rugged terrain.

  • Texture: Their coat is short and smooth, making it easy to care for while providing some protection against the elements.
  • Colors: They come in a variety of classic hound colors, including red and white ticked, blue and white ticked, tricolor, and red. The “ticked” pattern, which appears as speckled spots, is a hallmark of this breed.

American English Coonhounds have the classic look of a hound, built for stamina and speed.

  • Head and Expression: They have a broad head with a slightly domed skull and long, hanging ears that frame their face. Their dark, expressive eyes convey a sense of alertness and intelligence, while their strong, slightly arched neck adds to their regal bearing.
  • Tail: Their tail is moderately long and carried high with a slight curve, balancing their agile body during fast-paced hunts.



Temperament and Behavior

American English Coonhounds are intelligent, but their independent streak can make training challenging for inexperienced owners.

  • Trainability: You’ll find them to be smart and capable learners, but they have a strong instinct to follow their nose, which can make training difficult if distractions arise. Consistency, patience, and positive reinforcement are essential when training this breed. Early socialization and obedience training are recommended to help them become well-rounded companions.
  • Problem-Solving: They are natural problem-solvers in the field, often figuring out how to track and corner game independently. At home, this independent mindset may require owners to maintain firm but fair boundaries to avoid stubbornness.

American English Coonhounds are high-energy dogs that need plenty of physical and mental activity to stay happy.

  • Exercise Needs: You should plan for at least 60 to 90 minutes of exercise daily. This breed thrives in active households that can provide them with opportunities to run, hike, or participate in dog sports such as agility or tracking. Without enough exercise, they may become restless or destructive.
  • Playfulness: Despite their working roots, American English Coonhounds are playful and enjoy games such as fetch, tug-of-war, and interactive toys that challenge their problem-solving skills. They also love long, exploratory walks where they can follow their nose.

American English Coonhounds are affectionate and social, especially with their families.

  • Loyalty: This breed is deeply loyal and bonds closely with their owners. They thrive on companionship and are happiest when they can be close to their family members, making them excellent pets for families who spend a lot of time outdoors or are active.
  • Affectionate Nature: Coonhounds are gentle and loving with their family members, often seeking out attention and affection when they’re not working. They are generally friendly with other dogs and do well in multi-pet households, although their strong prey drive means small animals, such as cats, may not be safe around them.



Caring and Grooming

The American English Coonhound’s short, smooth coat is low-maintenance but still requires some attention.

  • Brushing: You should brush their coat once a week to remove loose hairs and keep it shiny. A rubber curry brush or bristle brush works well to manage shedding, which is moderate year-round but can increase in spring and fall.
  • Bathing: Bathing is only necessary every few months or after they get especially dirty, such as after a long hunting trip. Their short coat doesn’t hold onto dirt, so they stay relatively clean with minimal maintenance.
  • Ear and Nail Care: Their long, floppy ears should be checked regularly for signs of infection, as they are prone to trapping dirt and moisture. Clean their ears weekly to prevent issues. Additionally, their nails should be trimmed every few weeks to prevent overgrowth, especially if they don’t wear them down naturally during outdoor activities.

American English Coonhounds are high-energy dogs that need a lot of exercise to stay healthy and prevent boredom.

  • Daily Exercise: You should provide at least 60 to 90 minutes of intense exercise daily. Coonhounds are built for long-distance running, so activities like hiking, jogging, or even bike rides are great ways to keep them fit. If they are kept as pets and not working dogs, regular opportunities to run and use their nose are critical.
  • Mental Stimulation: In addition to physical exercise, they need mental stimulation. Training sessions, scent games, and interactive toys that challenge their tracking instincts are ideal. Without sufficient mental and physical activity, they may become frustrated and exhibit unwanted behaviors such as excessive barking or chewing.

A balanced diet is essential for maintaining the American English Coonhound’s high energy levels and overall health.

  • Commercial Food: Feed your Coonhound high-quality kibble designed for active, medium to large breeds. Look for food that contains lean proteins, such as chicken or fish, and healthy fats to support their energy needs and muscular build.
  • Foods to Avoid: Avoid feeding them fatty or overly processed foods, as Coonhounds can gain weight easily if overfed. Be mindful of portion control and avoid giving them table scraps, which can lead to digestive issues and obesity.
  • Portion Control: You should feed your Coonhound about 2.5 to 3 cups of food per day, divided into two meals. Adjust portions based on their activity level, age, and metabolism to maintain a healthy weight.



Ideal Living Environment

Coonhounds thrive in environments where they have room to run and explore.

Homes with Yards: Ideally, Coonhounds should live in homes with large, securely fenced yards where they can stretch their legs and explore. They are not well-suited to apartment living due to their high energy and need for space to roam.

Rural or Suburban Living: These dogs do best in rural or suburban settings where they have access to open spaces, such as fields, forests, or trails, where they can safely follow their scenting instincts. They love being outdoors and are happiest when they have regular access to wide open areas.

American English Coonhounds are relatively adaptable to various climates but may need extra care in extreme conditions.

Cold Weather: They can tolerate cool weather, but due to their short coat, they may need protection from freezing temperatures. Provide them with a jacket or limit their outdoor time during particularly cold days.

Hot Weather: In warmer climates, ensure they have plenty of water and shade. Avoid exercising them during the hottest parts of the day, as they can overheat easily.

American English Coonhounds are generally friendly but have a strong prey drive that needs to be managed around smaller animals.

Other Dogs:

  • Why it’s good for them: Coonhounds enjoy the company of other dogs, especially those that match their energy level.
  • Tip: Early socialization is key to ensuring positive interactions with other dogs.

Cats & Small Pets:

  • Challenges: Due to their hunting instincts, they may chase smaller animals like cats.
  • How to manage: Supervise introductions and reward calm behavior around smaller pets.



Life Stages

American English Coonhound puppies are playful, curious, and full of energy.

Training Early: Start socialization and basic obedience training as early as possible. Coonhound puppies can be a bit headstrong, so consistent training and positive reinforcement are key to developing good behavior.

Exercise: While puppies are active, avoid over-exercising them to protect their developing bones and joints. Short play sessions and gentle walks are ideal.

In adulthood, Coonhounds are active, intelligent, and ready to work or play.

Exercise and Training: Adult Coonhounds need regular physical and mental exercise. They thrive on activities that allow them to use their tracking abilities and love engaging in games or sports that challenge their scenting skills.

As they age, Coonhounds may slow down, but they remain loyal and affectionate.

Exercise: Senior Coonhounds still need daily exercise but at a gentler pace. Shorter walks and more rest breaks will help them maintain their health without overexerting them.

Diet: Switch to a senior-specific diet to support their joints and prevent weight gain as their activity levels decrease.



Health

American English Coonhounds are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain conditions.

  • Hip Dysplasia: This genetic condition affects the hip joint and can lead to arthritis. Regular check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage this issue.
  • Ear Infections: Due to their long, floppy ears, Coonhoundsare prone to ear infections if moisture and dirt get trapped inside. Regular ear cleaning can help prevent infections, especially after outdoor activities.
  • Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): Like many deep-chested breeds, Coonhounds can be prone to bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists. Feeding smaller meals and avoiding vigorous exercise after eating can help reduce the risk.

You should watch for:

Limping or difficulty moving, which could indicate joint problems such as hip dysplasia.
Excessive scratching or ear shaking, signs of potential ear infections.
Lethargy or distended abdomen, which could signal bloat and require immediate veterinary attention.

Routine care and regular vet visits are essential to keeping your American English Coonhound healthy.

Weight Management: Keep your Coonhound at a healthy weight to prevent joint strain and reduce the risk of obesity-related health issues.

Ear Care: Clean their ears regularly to prevent infections. Use a vet-approved ear cleaner, especially if they’ve been in damp environments or have long outdoor play sessions.

Vet Visits: Routine check-ups, including screenings for hip dysplasia and bloat prevention measures, are important for catching potential health problems early.

Coonhound with a tri-colored coat and alert expression looking off into the distance.

Puppy-Proofing Your Home: Make sure your home is safe for a curious and energetic puppy by removing hazards, securing loose wires, and providing plenty of chew toys.

Supplies You’ll Need: Essential items include a sturdy leash and collar, food and water bowls, a comfortable bed, grooming tools, and plenty of toys. Don’t forget training treats for positive reinforcement.

First Days at Home: Establish a consistent routine from day one, including regular feeding, exercise, and training times. This helps your puppy settle in and understand what’s expected of them.

American English Coonhounds are energetic and love activities that tap into their natural instincts. Here are some activities they excel at:

Scent Work

  • Why it’s great for them: Coonhounds are natural trackers and love following scents.
  • Tip: Hide treats around the yard or house and encourage them to use their nose to find them.

Hiking

  • Why it’s great for them: With their stamina, Coonhounds enjoy long hikes where they can explore new terrain.
  • Tip: Keep them leashed, as they may take off after a scent.

Fetch

  • Why it’s great for them: Coonhounds enjoy games that let them run, making fetch a fun way to burn energy.
  • Tip: Use durable toys that can withstand their enthusiasm.

Jogging or Running

  • Why it’s great for them: Coonhounds are built for endurance, making them great jogging partners.
  • Tip: Start with short runs and gradually increase the distance.

Agility Training

  • Why it’s great for them: Agile and quick, Coonhounds enjoy the challenge of navigating agility courses.
  • Tip: Use reward-based training to keep them focused and engaged.

American English Coonhounds sometimes end up in rescues due to their energy levels and vocal nature, which can be overwhelming for some owners. However, they thrive in homes that understand their needs.

Why adopt one? Coonhounds are loyal, intelligent, and thrive in active households where they can exercise their tracking instincts.
What to expect: Be ready for a dog that needs regular physical activity, mental stimulation, and plenty of time outdoors.

Fun Facts About the American English Coonhound

  • Night Hunter: American English Coonhounds are often used in night hunts, where they track raccoons and other game under the cover of darkness. Their loud, distinctive baying helps hunters locate them even in dense forests.

  • Scent Hound Extraordinaire: These dogs have an incredible sense of smell, making them expert trackers. They can follow a scent trail for hours, and their endurance allows them to cover long distances without tiring.

  • Treeing Game: One of the Coonhound’s key roles is “treeing” raccoons or other game. Once the dog has cornered its prey in a tree, it will bark and bay to alert the hunter to its location.

  • Coonhound Olympics: American English Coonhounds often compete in field trials and hunting events, where they are judged on their ability to track and tree game, with prizes awarded for speed, accuracy, and endurance.

Common Myths About the American English Coonhound

  • Myth 1: “Coonhounds are too hyper to live indoors.”

    While American English Coonhounds are highly energetic and need regular exercise, they can be calm and relaxed indoors once their exercise needs are met. They enjoy spending time with their families and are known for being affectionate house dogs.

  • Myth 2: “They’re difficult to train because they’re stubborn.”

    While they can be independent, American English Coonhounds are intelligent and capable of learning commands. With consistent training and positive reinforcement, they can become well-behaved companions. Their natural hunting instincts just mean they may need extra patience when it comes to recall training.

  • Myth 3: “Coonhounds can’t get along with other pets.”

    Although American English Coonhounds have a strong prey drive, they can live harmoniously with other pets—especially other dogs—if they are properly socialized from a young age. However, caution may be needed with smaller animals, as the breed’s natural hunting instincts are strong.

  • Myth 4: “They’re only good for hunting.”

    While American English Coonhounds excel in hunting, they also make loyal, affectionate family pets. They are gentle with children and thrive in active households where they can engage in plenty of outdoor activities.

Conclusion: The Determined and Loyal American English Coonhound

The American English Coonhound is a breed that combines strength, agility, and a strong work ethic with a gentle and affectionate personality. Whether working in the field to track raccoons or lounging at home with their family, these dogs are known for their loyalty and devotion. While their energy levels make them best suited for active families, American English Coonhounds can be excellent companions for those who appreciate their determination and loving nature.

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